September 11, 2001 Attacks

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Image from Wikipedia. Click for source.
On September 11, 2001, devastating terrorist attacks killed nearly 3,000 people, altering global politics and American society. West Windsor was directly impacted by 9/11 and its legacy. Scroll down to learn more.

Written in 2026 by Paul Ligeti, President of the Historical Society of West Windsor. 
Historical Overview
On September 11, 2001, nineteen al-Qaeda hijackers seized four commercial airplanes. Two of the planes struck the World Trade Center, one hit the Pentagon in Arlington, VA, and United Flight 93 crashed in Pennsylvania after passengers fought back.[1],[2] The attacks killed 2,977 people, including 441 first responders.

West Windsor Township was affected in myriad ways. Not only do many residents commute to New York and Philadelphia; many of these same residents also had children in the WW-P school system.[3],[4],[5],[6], Ultimately, West Windsor lost eight current and former residents: Jeffrey Chairnoff, Michael Cunningham, Steven Lawn, Peder Mardikian, Patrick Murphy, Edward Pykon, John Ryan Jr., and David Suarez. Their biographies appear further down this article.[7],[8],[9],[10],[11],[12],[13],[14]

Losses did not stop at West Windsor's borders, of course. Newspapers quickly reported missing or dead residents from Princeton, Plainsboro, Hamilton, and other municipalities near and far across the state.[15],[16] Resident Todd Beamer of nearby Cranbury became the most famous nearby victim. a passenger on United Flight 93, he is often remembered by his famous last words to fellow passengers trying to take back the plane: "Let's roll!"[17],[18]
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Photo taken on Sep 19, 2001. By Andrea Booher/ FEMA News Photo.
At "Ground Zero" in New York City, firefighters, police officers, Port Authority personnel, emergency medical workers, and building staff worked to rescue victims. Many of these "first-responders" died in the process.[19],[20] And in West Windsor, Mayor Shing-Fu Hsueh and West Windsor police met trains as shaken commuters returned, while local officials tried to identify who was safe and who was missing.[21],[22] West Windsor resident Scott Copenhaver survived after helping carry a woman down twenty flights of stairs, as he retold during West Windsor's first-anniversary remembrance ceremony.[23] And in Plainsboro, police prepared a shelter at Grover Mill Middle School for children whose parents might not return, while nearby Princeton firefighters later delivering supplies for recovery workers.[24],[25]

Immediately after the attacks, national airspace was shuttered, NJ Transit halted or altered New York service, and Princeton Junction train station commuters braced for confusion.[26],[27],[28] After the World Trade Center PATH station was destroyed, many riders shifted to using ferries, buses, carpools, and longer walks to Lower Manhattan.[29],[30][31],[32] NJ Transit later reported that standees on New York trains jumped from about 3,500 a day before 9/11 to 19,000 in the weeks after the attacks.[33] Police activity intensified and bomb-sniffing K-9 units became part of NJ Transit security, including in Princeton Junction.[34],[35],[36] Some commuters avoided New York or Philadelphia entirely, while businesses weighed moving their offices to the suburbs.[37],[38],[39]
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PATH trains crushed at Ground Zero in 2001.
Fear permeated the days and months that followed.[40],[41],[42] Parents pulled children from schools, shoppers avoided malls, commuters wondered whether trains and tunnels were safe, and Red Cross counselors offered trauma guidance.[43],[44],[45],[46] One year later, residents still described vulnerability, sleeplessness, and a changed understanding of community.[47],[48]

In November 2001, U.S. 1 profiled Harpreet Singh Sawhney of the Sikh Gurdwara in Robbinsville after Sikhs nationwide were harassed because of prejudiced misconceptions about their involvement in terrorism.[49] Simultaneously, Muslim students and residents described grief and patriotism under suspicion.[50],[51]

In the hours after the attacks, support efforts began almost immediately, with local residents waiting for hours to donate blood, overwhelming hospitals and donation centers.[52],[53] Faith communities held services and counseling-oriented gatherings, while Red Cross volunteers at Princeton Junction handed out information on trauma, grief, anger, and family counseling.[54],[55] Children also participated, including setting up lemonade sales to fund for rescue efforts.[56]
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Couple hugging at Princeton Jct. train station right after attacks. From the Sep. 12, 2001 Trentonian.
In the wake of 9/11, fear also affected the operations of many local institutions. Schools planned grief programs and had to calm anxious parents, while police, fire companies, emergency medical services, transit agencies, and airport officials tightened security, screening, communication, and evacuation practices.[57],[58],[59],[60],[61],[62],[63] And tight security at West Windsor's ten-year memorial ceremony in 2011 - shows how the station remained a focal point for police planning long after the first emergency passed.[64]

In 2002, several memorials were unveiled in West Windsor: at the Ron Rogers Arboretum, the Mercer County Community College, and the Princeton Junction Train Station. These, and the Mercer County Park memorial built in 2011, are all described in more detail further down on the webpage.[65],[66],[67],[68],[69] The Arboretum memorial used twin reflecting pools, landscaping, benches, names, and eventually World Trade Center steel to make a quiet public space for grief.[70],[71] The station plaque carried remembrance back to the commuter platform, and MCCC's West Windsor campus became a civic gathering place for the school's observances.[72],[73],[74]
​
West Windsor continues to hold annual September 11 ceremonies at the Arboretum.[75],[76],[77],[78] MCCC's campus also holds annual services.[79],[80] And, some West Windsor residents still participate in the annual Tunnel to Towers 5K, honoring many who were killed on 9/11.[81] In other words, the memory of that fateful day lives on.
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Pond at West Windsor's 9/11 Memorial, 2020. From Paul Ligeti.
West Windsor Victims
Below are the eight victims of 9/11 who had lived in West Windsor by the time of the attacks. They are listed in alphabetical order by surname.
Jeffrey Marc Chairnoff
Jeffrey Marc Chairnoff was born in Philadelphia on September 3, 1966 and lived in West Windsor when he was killed in the September 11 attacks.[82],[83] He was a 1984 Pennsbury High School graduate and a 1988 cum laude Franklin & Marshall College graduate, where he was elected to Phi Beta Kappa.[84] In 1992 he joined Sandler O'Neill & Partners, later becoming managing director of its mortgage finance group and working in the firm's main office on the 104th floor of  the South Tower.[85],[86],[87]

Jeffrey was the husband of Helaine Chairnoff and father of Sarah, 6, and Benjamin, 19 months, and he reshaped his Sundays around family after they were born.[88],[89] Relatives and colleagues remembered him as calm, thorough, and attentive to detail.[90],[91] 4 After his death, his West Windsor neighbors honored him at interfaith memorial gathering at St. David the King Church.[92],[93]

At the National September 11 Memorial & Museum, Jeffrey's name is inscribed at the South Pool, panel S-51.[94]
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Chairnoff, from the 9/11 Living Memorial. Click to visit website.
Michael Joseph Cunningham​
Michael Joseph "Micky" Cunningham was born in London on December 24, 1961 and was 39 when he died in the September 11 attacks.[95],[96],[97] After graduating from Leicester Polytechnic in England, he moved to New Jersey, through Hoboken and Kingston, before settling in West Windsor.[98],[99] He worked for Euro Brokers Inc.; and worked on the 83rd/84th-floor office in the South Tower.[100],[101],[102]

In West Windsor, where he and his wife Teresa moved to raise their young family, he belonged to St. David the King Church. After he died, neighbors and parishioners rallied around Teresa and baby William.[103],[104],[105]His memorial Mass and Liam's christening were held together there on October 27, 2001.[106],[107],[108] Friends remembered Micky's parties, karaoke, and off-key singing that made rooms laugh.[109],[110] Teresa, for her part, remembered one of Micky's traits as being happy and living life to the fullest.[111]

​At the National September 11 Memorial & Museum, Micky's name is inscribed at the South Pool, panel S-31.[112]
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Cunningham, from the 9/11 Living Memorial. Click to visit website.
Steven Lawn
Steven Lawn was born on October 28, 1972, in Margate, Kent, in England, and grew up in Broadstairs, where parents John Lawn and Angela Freebody Lawn ran a news store for 35 years.[113],[114],[115] He attended St. Lawrence Junior School, boarded at Sherborne School in Dorset, and studied French and German at University College London.[116],[117] Family and schoolmates remembered him as outgoing, athletic, kind to children, and eager to mentor younger classmates.[118],[119] At university he met Victoria "Vicky" Lawn; they married eleven months before 9/11, and hoped to start a family.[120],[121]

After joining Aon Corporation in London, he transferred to their New York office in the South Tower and by 2001 was recorded as a West Windsor resident.[122],[123],[124],[125],[126],[127] In England, his family started the annual Steven Lawn Memorial Lecture at Sherborne in his memory and to build understanding between the West and Islamic world.[128] At the National September 11 Memorial & Museum, Steven's name is inscribed at the South Pool, panel S-54.[129]
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Lawn, from FindaGrave. Click to visit website.
Peter Edward Mardikian
"Pete" was born August 27, 1972, in Kalamazoo, Michigan, and was twenty-nine when he died in the September 11 attacks.[130],[131] Raised in West Windsor, he attended High School South before going to Ohio State University.[132],[133] In college, he met his future wife, Corinne, who lived in the same dorm as him.[134] Friends described timing as central to their story: after years of distance and work travel, they were finally together in Manhattan, and had been married only six weeks when 9/11 happened.[135] Mardikian worked for Imagine Software Inc., as a sales manager.[136],[137] On September 11, he was attending a Risk Waters Group conference at Windows on the World while representing Imagine Software.[138],[139]

For West Windsor neighbors, his legacy is of a young graduate whose smile, family devotion, and long-hoped-for marriage were still remembered lovingly by friends, survivors, and memorial keepers in enduring online tributes and memorials.[140],[141] At the National September 11 Memorial & Museum, Pete's name is inscribed at the North Pool, panel N-21.[142]
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Mardikian, from the 9/11 Living Memorial. Click to visit website.
Patrick Sean Murphy
Patrick Sean Murphy was born on January 29, 1965, in Niskayuna, New York, and later lived in West Windsor, Beach Haven, and Millburn (all in New Jersey).[143],[144],[145] After graduating from High School South, he attended the University of Virginia. He then became an information-technology leader.[146],[147] On September 11, 2001, at 36, he was a vice president of information technology at March & McLennan in the North Tower (M&M occupied floors 93-100).[148],[149],[150]However, those closest to Patrick remembered not his job title but his devotion to Vera, their children Sean and Maggie, basketball, fishing, and weekends in Beach Haven.[151],[152] Vera recalled affection for Marsh's Placement Project colleagues and his motto: he worked to live, not the reverse.[153],[154] 

Patrick was predeceased by his brother, Timothy Patrick Murphy, an American actor best known for his role as Mickey Trotter on the CBS prime-time soap opera "Dallas" from 1982 to 1983.[155],[156] Patrick is memorialized at the University of Virginia via a scholarship fund.[157] At the National September 11 Memorial & Museum, his name is inscribed at the North Pool, panel N-5.[158]
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Murphy, from the 9/11 Living Memorial. Click to visit website.
Edward R. Pykon
"Fast Eddy" was born on May 28, 1968, grew up in West Orange, New Jersey, studied accounting and economics at Lehigh University, and earned an MBA from New York University.[159],[160],[161] Friends remembered him for his grin, grin, quick humor, and Wall Street ambition.[162],[163],[164] After meeting his wife, Jackie in 1996, he built a life centered on family.[165],[166] In 1999, they purchased their house at 16 Hawthorne Way in West Windsor.[167] They had come there to raise a family, before their daughter, Jordyn, arrived in March 2001.[168],[169],[170]

As a new father, Edward delighted in watching Jordyn play and proudly showed her pictures to colleagues.[171],[172] By September 11, 2001, he was a 33-year-old senior vice president and health-care analyst for Fred Alger Management on the 93rd floor of the North Tower.[173],[174],[175],[176],[177]

At the National September 11 Memorial & Museum, Edward's name is inscribed at the North Pool, panel N-61.[178]
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Pykon, from the 9/11 Living Memorial. Click to visit website.
John Joseph Ryan, Jr.
John Joseph Ryan Jr., known as J.R., was born in Suffern, New York, on Saturday, June 9, 1956, and remembered for humor and energy.[179],[180],[181] He graduated from Xavier High School in Manhattan in 1974 and Holy Cross College in 1978, then followed his father’s Wall Street path.[182],[183] By 2001, he lived in West Windsor with his wife, Patricia “Patty,” and children Laura, Colin, and Kristen, while working as senior vice president and equity sales trader for Keefe, Bruyette & Woods.[184],[185],[186],[187] In West Windsor, he was “Coach,” spending nearly a decade guiding children’s athletic teams and sharing his love of history on family trips.[188],[189]

Reports place him in the South Tower on the day of the attack.[190],[191],[192] On the day of the attack, he phoned Patricia to say he loved her and the children after helping begin an evacuation.[193],[194] He was remembered by family, neighbors, students, and clients as a loving husband, father, son, brother, coach, and community presence.[195],[196],[197],[198] ​At the National September 11 Memorial & Museum, John's name is inscribed at the South Pool, panel S-34.[199]
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Ryan, from the 9/11 Living Memorial. Click to visit website.
David Scott Suarez
David Scott Suarez was born on October 30, 1976, in Dover, New Hampshire, and grew up in West Windsor with parents Theodore "Ted" and Carol, brother Bryan, and sister Kristen.[200],[201] He graduated from High School South in 1995, captained wrestling, won Mercer County and Colonial Valley honors, and joined lacrosse and became an Eagle Scout in Troop 40.[202] At Penn State, Suarez majored in engineering, joined Kappa Alpha, graduated in 1999, and was remembered for sense of community service.[203],[204],[205] His volunteer work included New York Cares, soup kitchens, tutoring students for entrance exams, and a Dance-a-Thon for children with cancer.[206],[207],[208] On September 11, 2001, Suarez was a Deloitte Consulting systems consultant assigned to Marsh & McLennan on the 99th floor of the North Tower.[209],[210],[211]

David was remembered through the Dave Suarez Friends and Family Scholarship Fund and the David Suarez Softball Classic competition, which drew eight teams.[212],[213] In 2015, High School South inducted him into its Hall of Honor.[214] At the National September 11 Memorial & Museum, David's name is inscribed at the North Pool, panel N-17.[215]
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David Suarez. Courtesy of davidsuarez.org. Click to visit website.
Local Memorials
Below are brief descriptions of September memorials within West Windsor Township.
West Windsor 9/11 Memorial
This memorial is located at the Ronald R. Rogers Arboretum at the corner of Clarksville Road and Princeton Hightstown Road. It honors the West Windsor residents who lost their lives.[216]

Within weeks of the attacks, township officials, Friends of West Windsor Open Space, victims' families, and community  began collaboratively shaping a permanent place of remembrance for the whole township.[217] Ground was broken in November 2001, and the memorial was dedicated on April 27, 2002, before nearly 500 attendees.[218],[219] Organizers later described it as among the first permanent 9/11 memorials created anywhere.[220]

Two reflecting ponds, joined by a cascading stream and crossed by a wooden bridge, form its core.[221] The ponds suggest both the Twin Towers and life before and after September 11, while turbulent water evokes rupture and the bridge points toward hope and resilience.[222] Engraved pavers, waterfalls, native plantings, benches, and a World Trade Center steel beam dedicated in 2011 create a quiet landscape for reflection.[223],[224] The site continues to host annual remembrance ceremonies.
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Beam at West Windsor's 9/11 memorial, 2020, from Paul Ligeti.
Mercer County Park Memorial
This memorial is located at Mercer County Park, near the marina at 334 South Post Road.[225] Dedicated on September 11, 2011, it honors the victims of 9/11 and the county’s many first responders.[226]

Designed by architects Clarke Caton Hintz, the memorial centers on a ten-foot beam from the World Trade Center.[227] Four aluminum benches represent the hijacked aircraft, while a concave concrete wall suggests impact without collapse.[228] Thirteen steel cables grasp and lift the beam, symbolizing Mercer County’s municipalities, Trenton’s cable-making heritage, and communal resilience.[229] Its north-south axis follows the first plane’s heading into the North Tower, and a Booker T. Washington quotation stresses strength through lifting up, not pushing down.[230]

The memorial initially drew criticism for omitting the names of Mercer County’s victims while recognizing officials and volunteers.[231] The victims’ names were added and dedicated in September 2012.[232] The memorial continues to host annual remembrance ceremonies and received the 2012 New Jersey ASLA Merit Award for landscape architectural design.[233],[234]
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Mercer County Park memorial, 2020, from Paul Ligeti.
Mercer County Community College Memorial Garden
MCCC's commemorative garden is just outside the Student Center, at the college's West Windsor campus at 1200 Old Trenton Road.[235],[236] The garden, and corresponding memorial bench, were dedicated on September 11, 2002. to honor the thirty Mercer County residents killed in the attacks.[237] Since then, Mercer County and MCCC have used the bench and garden as the setting for solemn annual public campus remembrance ceremonies.[238] These programs typically include a commemorative wreath, invocations, music, and reflections from public officials, students, emergency responders, survivors, scholars, journalists, and victims' relatives.[239] Speakers have included Brigadier General Thomas Sullivan in 2002 and firefighter Dave Smolka, a Ground Zero responder, in 2011.[240],[241] In 2012, MCCC invited survivor Brian Clark, historian Craig Coenen, journalist Mike Kelly, professor Scott Knowles, and family members of victims.[242] Later ceremonies featured Major Emma Swearingen in 2014, Steven Gutkin in 2015, Mercer County Prosecutor Angelo Onofri in 2019, and retired Major General Robert Karmazin in 2021.[243],[244],[245],[246]
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MCCC Student Center, 2026, from Paul Ligeti.
Princeton Junction Train Station Plaque
This bronze plaque is set directly in front of the ticket building, beside the Wallace Road pick up/drop-off loop.[247], Dedicated in May 2002 by the West Windsor Parking Authority with NJ TRANSIT, it sits in an elevated landscaped bed of shrubs and seasonal flowers.[248],[249]

The plaque's location is especially meaningful because Princeton Junction was, and remains, a major Northeast Corridor commuter station, sending thousands of riders toward New York each weekday.[250] In the months after the attacks, commuters at Princeton Junction faced crowded trains, altered schedules, and difficult reroutes as PATH service and Lower Manhattan access were disrupted.[251],[252] Local accounts described riders losing friends and colleagues, and many saw the station as part of a changed daily journey.[253],[254] To this day, the plaque quietly links this busy transportation hub to this historic point in American, and community, history.
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The plaque, 2025, from Paul Ligeti.
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  79. Mercer County Community College. "MCCC Prepares to Honor the Victims of 9/11 by Maintaining a Focus on Unity, Remembrance and Service." September 10, 2020. Accessed July 12, 2026. https://www.mccc.edu/pr/General/2020/911_video.html.
  80. Mercer County Community College. "MCCC to Host 9-11 Remembrance Ceremony Thursday, Sept. 11, 11 a.m." September 4, 2014. Accessed July 12, 2026. https://www.mccc.edu/~gardnerj/mccc_news/9-11_2014.html.
  81. "School Security after 9/11." American School & University, June 1, 2011. Accessed July 12, 2026. https://www.asumag.com/safety-security/article/20850730/school-security-after-9-11.
  82. Find a Grave. "Jeffrey Marc Chairnoff (1966-2001) - Find a Grave Memorial." Memorial ID 190170960. Accessed June 22, 2026. https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/190170960/jeffrey_marc-chairnoff.
  83. National September 11 Memorial & Museum. "Jeffrey Marc Chairnoff: South Pool, Panel S-51." User-provided locating-a-name sheet. Accessed June 22, 2026. https://www.911memorial.org/.
  84. Find a Grave. "Jeffrey Marc Chairnoff (1966-2001) - Find a Grave Memorial." Memorial ID 190170960. Accessed June 22, 2026. https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/190170960/jeffrey_marc-chairnoff.
  85. Ibid.
  86. "Loved Ones Gone Forever: Here Are Some of the Stories." The Trentonian, September 11, 2006.
  87. Sandler O'Neill & Partners, L.P. "Response to the Notice of Inquiry and Advanced Rulemaking." United States Department of Justice, Victim Compensation Fund archived document W000447. Accessed July 12, 2026. https://www.justice.gov/archive//victimcompensation/W000447.html.
  88. Find a Grave. "Jeffrey Marc Chairnoff (1966-2001) - Find a Grave Memorial." Memorial ID 190170960. Accessed June 22, 2026. https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/190170960/jeffrey_marc-chairnoff.
  89. "Jeffrey Chairnoff: A Change in Priorities." The Oregonian (Portland), January 18, 2002.
  90. "Loved Ones Gone Forever: Here Are Some of the Stories." The Trentonian, September 11, 2006.
  91. "Jeffrey Chairnoff: A Change in Priorities." The Oregonian (Portland), January 18, 2002.
  92. "Residents Flock to Church in West Windsor to Remember." The Times, September 12, 2002.
  93. National September 11 Memorial & Museum. "Jeffrey Marc Chairnoff: South Pool, Panel S-51." User-provided locating-a-name sheet. Accessed June 22, 2026. https://www.911memorial.org/.
  94. “Names on the 9/11 Memorial.” 9/11 Memorial & Museum. Accessed July 12, 2026. https://www.911memorial.org/visit/memorial/names-911-memorial. 
  95. "Michael J. 'Michy' Cunningham." Town Topics (Princeton, NJ), October 24, 2001.
  96. Find a Grave. "Michael Joseph Cunningham (1961-2001)." Memorial ID 34659511. Accessed July 12, 2026. https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/34659511/michael_joseph-cunningham.
  97. London Remembers. "Michael Joseph Cunningham." Accessed July 12, 2026. https://www.londonremembers.com/subjects/michael-joseph-cunningham.
  98. "Michael J. 'Michy' Cunningham." Town Topics (Princeton, NJ), October 24, 2001.
  99. Legacy Remembers. "Michael Cunningham Obituary (2001): West Windsor, NJ." Legacy.com, November 3, 2001. Accessed July 12, 2026. https://www.legacy.com/us/obituaries/name/michael-cunningham-obituary?pid=125421.
  100. Voices Center for Resilience. "Michael J. Cunningham." 9/11 Living Memorial. Accessed July 12, 2026. https://voicescenter.org/living-memorial/victim/michael-j-cunningham.
  101. Find a Grave. "Michael Joseph Cunningham (1961-2001)." Memorial ID 34659511. Accessed July 12, 2026. https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/34659511/michael_joseph-cunningham.
  102. London Remembers. "Michael Joseph Cunningham." Accessed July 12, 2026. https://www.londonremembers.com/subjects/michael-joseph-cunningham.
  103. "Michael J. 'Michy' Cunningham." Town Topics (Princeton, NJ), October 24, 2001.
  104. "Memorial, Baptism Celebrate Two Lives." The Times (Trenton, NJ), October 28, 2001.
  105. Cunningham, Teresa K. "Remarks at West Windsor 9/11 Memorial Dedication." April 27, 2002.
  106. "Michael J. 'Michy' Cunningham." Town Topics (Princeton, NJ), October 24, 2001.
  107. "Memorial, Baptism Celebrate Two Lives." The Times (Trenton, NJ), October 28, 2001.
  108. Cunningham, Teresa K. "Remarks at West Windsor 9/11 Memorial Dedication." April 27, 2002.
  109. Legacy Remembers. "Michael Cunningham Obituary (2001): West Windsor, NJ." Legacy.com, November 3, 2001. Accessed July 12, 2026. https://www.legacy.com/us/obituaries/name/michael-cunningham-obituary?pid=125421.
  110. Coryell, Lisa. "Memorial, Baptism Celebrate Two Lives." The Times (Trenton, NJ), October 28, 2001.
  111. Legacy Remembers. "Michael Cunningham Obituary (2001): West Windsor, NJ." Legacy.com, November 3, 2001. Accessed July 12, 2026. https://www.legacy.com/us/obituaries/name/michael-cunningham-obituary?pid=125421.
  112. “Names on the 9/11 Memorial.” 9/11 Memorial & Museum. Accessed July 12, 2026. https://www.911memorial.org/visit/memorial/names-911-memorial. 
  113. Warren, Gerry. "9/11 20th Anniversary: Family of Kent Victim Steven Lawn Speak of Tragedy for First Time." KentOnline. Published September 11, 2021; updated November 4, 2022. URL: https://www.kentonline.co.uk/canterbury/news/it-changed-our-lives-forever-253724/.
  114. "British Victims of September 11." The Guardian, September 10, 2002. URL: https://www.theguardian.com/world/2002/sep/10/september11.uk.
  115. "Steven Lawn." London Remembers. Accessed June 23, 2026. URL: https://www.londonremembers.com/subjects/steven-lawn.
  116. Warren, Gerry. "9/11 20th Anniversary: Family of Kent Victim Steven Lawn Speak of Tragedy for First Time." KentOnline. Published September 11, 2021; updated November 4, 2022. URL: https://www.kentonline.co.uk/canterbury/news/it-changed-our-lives-forever-253724/.
  117. The Old Shirburnian Society. "Lawn, Steven (m 91)." Accessed June 23, 2026. URL: https://oldshirburnian.org.uk/obituaries/lawn-steven-m-91/.
  118. Warren, Gerry. "9/11 20th Anniversary: Family of Kent Victim Steven Lawn Speak of Tragedy for First Time." KentOnline. Published September 11, 2021; updated November 4, 2022. URL: https://www.kentonline.co.uk/canterbury/news/it-changed-our-lives-forever-253724/.
  119. The Old Shirburnian Society. "Lawn, Steven (m 91)." Accessed June 23, 2026. URL: https://oldshirburnian.org.uk/obituaries/lawn-steven-m-91/
  120. Ibid.
  121. Voices Center for Resilience. "Steven Lawn." 9/11 Living Memorial. Accessed June 22, 2026. URL: https://voicescenter.org/living-memorial/victim/steven-lawn.
  122. CNN. "Steven Lawn." September 11: A Memorial. Updated September 9, 2003. URL: https://us.cnn.com/SPECIALS/2001/memorial/people/4382.html.
  123. "British Victims of September 11." The Guardian, September 10, 2002. URL: https://www.theguardian.com/world/2002/sep/10/september11.uk.
  124. National September 11 Memorial & Museum. "South Pool: Panel S-54: Steven Lawn." Memorial Guide. URL: https://www.911memorial.org/.
  125. Voices Center for Resilience. "Steven Lawn." 9/11 Living Memorial. Accessed June 22, 2026. URL: https://voicescenter.org/living-memorial/victim/steven-lawn.
  126. "Steven Lawn." London Remembers. Accessed June 23, 2026. URL: https://www.londonremembers.com/subjects/steven-lawn.
  127. CNN. "Steven Lawn." September 11: A Memorial. Updated September 9, 2003. URL: https://us.cnn.com/SPECIALS/2001/memorial/people/4382.html.
  128. The Old Shirburnian Society. "Lawn, Steven (m 91)." Accessed June 23, 2026. URL: https://oldshirburnian.org.uk/obituaries/lawn-steven-m-91/​
  129. “Names on the 9/11 Memorial.” 9/11 Memorial & Museum. Accessed July 12, 2026. https://www.911memorial.org/visit/memorial/names-911-memorial.
  130. National September 11 Memorial & Museum. "Peter Edward Mardikian." Memorial Guide. Accessed June 22, 2026. URL: https://names.911memorial.org/?_gl=1*ilz4lh*_gcl_au*MTQwOTgzMjMwNS4xNzgzODY1MzYz*_ga*MzU0MzE5NDI0LjE3ODIxNjUxMTQ.*_ga_X4Y9LN6DZW*czE3ODM4ODcyMzAkbzQkZzEkdDE3ODM4OTEzODgkajQ1JGwwJGgw#lang=en_US&page=person&id=3118
  131. Find a Grave. "Peter Edward Mardikian (1972-2001)." Find a Grave Memorial, no. 6839676. Accessed June 22, 2026. URL: https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/6839676/peter-edward-mardikian.
  132. Michigan Remembers 9-11 Fund. "Peter Edward Mardikian." Michigan Remembers 9-11. Accessed June 22, 2026. URL: https://michiganremembers.org/remembrances/michigan-victims-of-9-11/peter-edward-mardikian.
  133. Voices Center for Resilience. "Peter Edward Mardikian "Pete"." 9/11 Living Memorial. Accessed June 22, 2026. URL: https://voicescenter.org/living-memorial/victim/peter-edward-mardikian-pete.
  134. Michigan Remembers 9-11 Fund. "Peter Edward Mardikian." Michigan Remembers 9-11. Accessed June 22, 2026. URL: https://michiganremembers.org/remembrances/michigan-victims-of-9-11/peter-edward-mardikian.
  135. Ibid.
  136. National September 11 Memorial & Museum. "Peter Edward Mardikian." Memorial Guide. Accessed June 22, 2026. URL: https://names.911memorial.org/?_gl=1*ilz4lh*_gcl_au*MTQwOTgzMjMwNS4xNzgzODY1MzYz*_ga*MzU0MzE5NDI0LjE3ODIxNjUxMTQ.*_ga_X4Y9LN6DZW*czE3ODM4ODcyMzAkbzQkZzEkdDE3ODM4OTEzODgkajQ1JGwwJGgw#lang=en_US&page=person&id=3118
  137. Voices Center for Resilience. "Peter Edward Mardikian "Pete"." 9/11 Living Memorial. Accessed June 22, 2026. URL: https://voicescenter.org/living-memorial/victim/peter-edward-mardikian-pete.
  138. National September 11 Memorial & Museum. "Peter Edward Mardikian." Memorial Guide. Accessed June 22, 2026. URL: https://names.911memorial.org/?_gl=1*ilz4lh*_gcl_au*MTQwOTgzMjMwNS4xNzgzODY1MzYz*_ga*MzU0MzE5NDI0LjE3ODIxNjUxMTQ.*_ga_X4Y9LN6DZW*czE3ODM4ODcyMzAkbzQkZzEkdDE3ODM4OTEzODgkajQ1JGwwJGgw#lang=en_US&page=person&id=3118
  139. Michigan Remembers 9-11 Fund. "Peter Edward Mardikian." Michigan Remembers 9-11. Accessed June 22, 2026. URL: https://michiganremembers.org/remembrances/michigan-victims-of-9-11/peter-edward-mardikian.
  140. Voices Center for Resilience. "Peter Edward Mardikian "Pete"." 9/11 Living Memorial. Accessed June 22, 2026. URL: https://voicescenter.org/living-memorial/victim/peter-edward-mardikian-pete.
  141. Voices Center for Resilience. "Peter Edward Mardikian "Pete": Guestbook." 9/11 Living Memorial. Accessed June 22, 2026. URL: https://voicescenter.org/living-memorial/victim/peter-edward-mardikian-pete.
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  143. National September 11 Memorial & Museum. "Patrick Sean Murphy." Memorial Guide, North Pool: Panel N-5. Accessed July 12, 2026. https://names.911memorial.org/#lang=en_US&page=person&id=3337.
  144. "Memorial Mass: Murphy." Newark Star-Ledger, September 24, 2001.
  145. Find a Grave. "Patrick Sean Murphy (1965-2001)." Find a Grave Memorial ID 5929442. Accessed July 12, 2026. https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/5929442/patrick_sean-murphy.
  146. "Memorial Mass: Murphy." Newark Star-Ledger, September 24, 2001.
  147. "Patrick S. Murphy." Town Topics (Princeton, NJ), September 26, 2001.
  148. Voices Center for Resilience. "Patrick Sean Murphy." Living Memorial. Accessed July 12, 2026. https://voicescenter.org/living-memorial/victim/patrick-sean-murphy.
  149. "Patrick S. Murphy." Town Topics (Princeton, NJ), September 26, 2001.
  150. Finextra. "Marsh & McLennan: 313 Staff Missing from WTC#1." September 18, 2001. https://www.finextra.com/newsarticle/3138/marsh--mclennan-313-staff-missing-from-wtc1.
  151. Marsh McLennan. "Patrick Sean Murphy." Marsh Memorial: Tributes. Accessed July 12, 2026. https://memorial.marshmclennan.com/M/patrick-sean-murphy.html.
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  155. "Memorial Mass: Murphy." Newark Star-Ledger, September 24, 2001.
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  157. “Patrick Sean Murphy 9/11 Memorial Scholarship - UVA Alumni Association.” UVA Alumni Association. Accessed July 12, 2026. https://uvaalumni.org/scholarships/alumni-association-awards/patrick-sean-murphy/. 
  158. “Names on the 9/11 Memorial.” 9/11 Memorial & Museum. Accessed July 12, 2026. URL: https://www.911memorial.org/visit/memorial/names-911-memorial.
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  160. National September 11 Memorial & Museum. “North Pool: Panel N-61, Edward R. Pykon.” Memorial Guide. https://www.911memorial.org/.
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  163. “Edward Pykon, 33, Comic-Serious Analyst.” The Star-Ledger (Newark, NJ), September 25, 2001.
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  165. Legacy.com. “Edward Pykon Obituary.” Profile published in The New York Times, November 24, 2001; published by Patriot-News, November 26, 2001. https://www.legacy.com/us/obituaries/spokesman/name/edward-pykon-obituary?pid=143838.
  166. Voices Center for Resilience. “Edward R. Pykon.” 9/11 Living Memorial. https://voicescenter.org/living-memorial/victim/edward-r-pykon.
  167. “Real Estate Transactions.” Town Topics (Princeton, NJ), December 15, 1999.
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  169. “Hospital Reports Births to 13 Area Residents.” Town Topics (Princeton, NJ), March 21, 2001.
  170. Voices Center for Resilience. “Edward R. Pykon.” 9/11 Living Memorial. https://voicescenter.org/living-memorial/victim/edward-r-pykon.
  171. Legacy.com. “Edward Pykon Obituary.” Profile published in The New York Times, November 24, 2001; published by Patriot-News, November 26, 2001. https://www.legacy.com/us/obituaries/spokesman/name/edward-pykon-obituary?pid=143838.
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  174. “Edward Pykon, 33, Comic-Serious Analyst.” The Star-Ledger (Newark, NJ), September 25, 2001.
  175. “Updated List of Local Casualties.” The Trentonian, September 17, 2001.
  176. National September 11 Memorial & Museum. “North Pool: Panel N-61, Edward R. Pykon.” Memorial Guide. https://www.911memorial.org/.
  177. Voices Center for Resilience. “Edward R. Pykon.” 9/11 Living Memorial. https://voicescenter.org/living-memorial/victim/edward-r-pykon.
  178. “Names on the 9/11 Memorial.” 9/11 Memorial & Museum. Accessed July 12, 2026. URL: https://www.911memorial.org/visit/memorial/names-911-memorial.
  179.  National September 11 Memorial & Museum. “Memorial Guide: John Joseph Ryan.” Memorial Guide, accessed June 22, 2026. https://names.911memorial.org/.
  180. Legacy Remembers. “John Ryan Obituary.” Published September 25, 2001. https://www.legacy.com/us/obituaries/legacyremembers/john-ryan-obituary?id=61006543.
  181. “In Loving Memory of John J. Ryan.” Yardley News, September 5, 2002.
  182. Legacy Remembers. “John Ryan Obituary.” Published September 25, 2001. https://www.legacy.com/us/obituaries/legacyremembers/john-ryan-obituary?id=61006543.
  183. The Philadelphia Inquirer. “John Ryan Obituary.” Published September 21, 2001. Hosted by Legacy. https://www.legacy.com/us/obituaries/inquirer/name/john-ryan-obituary?id=11954486.
  184. Voices Center for Resilience. “John Joseph Ryan Jr. ‘J.R.’” Living Memorial. Accessed June 22, 2026. https://voicescenter.org/living-memorial/victim/john-joseph-ryan-jr-jr.
  185. Legacy Remembers. “John Ryan Obituary.” Published September 25, 2001. https://www.legacy.com/us/obituaries/legacyremembers/john-ryan-obituary?id=61006543.
  186. The Philadelphia Inquirer. “John Ryan Obituary.” Published September 21, 2001. Hosted by Legacy. https://www.legacy.com/us/obituaries/inquirer/name/john-ryan-obituary?id=11954486.
  187. Find a Grave. “John Joseph Ryan (1956-2001).” Find a Grave Memorial ID 5949248. Accessed June 22, 2026. https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/5949248/john_joseph-ryan.
  188. “John J. Ryan, 45.” The Trentonian, September 21, 2001
  189. “Stock Trader Loved History and Coaching.” Newsday, November 29, 2001.
  190. “John J. Ryan.” Town Topics, September 26, 2001.
  191. “Stock Trader Loved History and Coaching.” Newsday, November 29, 2001.
  192. “John Ryan.” The Times (Hamilton Metro), November 22, 2001.
  193. Legacy Remembers. “John Ryan Obituary.” Published September 25, 2001. https://www.legacy.com/us/obituaries/legacyremembers/john-ryan-obituary?id=61006543.
  194. “In Loving Memory of John J. Ryan.” Yardley News, September 5, 2002.
  195.  National September 11 Memorial & Museum. “Memorial Guide: John Joseph Ryan.” Memorial Guide, accessed June 22, 2026. https://names.911memorial.org/.
  196. Voices Center for Resilience. “John Joseph Ryan Jr. ‘J.R.’” Living Memorial. Accessed June 22, 2026. https://voicescenter.org/living-memorial/victim/john-joseph-ryan-jr-jr.
  197. Legacy Remembers. “John Ryan Obituary.” Published September 25, 2001. https://www.legacy.com/us/obituaries/legacyremembers/john-ryan-obituary?id=61006543.
  198. Find a Grave. “John Joseph Ryan (1956-2001).” Find a Grave Memorial ID 5949248. Accessed June 22, 2026. https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/5949248/john_joseph-ryan.
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  200. "David Scott Suarez (1976-2001)." Find a Grave Memorial. Accessed July 12, 2026. https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/183178636/david_scott-suarez.
  201. "In Memoriam: Terror of September 11 Rips the Order." The Kappa Alpha Journal, Summer/Fall/Annual Report 2001, 39.
  202. "South Welcomes Eight to Its Hall of Honor." West Windsor and Plainsboro News, October 23, 2015. https://communitynews.org/sections/news/south-welcomes-eight-to-its-hall-of-honor/.
  203. "In Memoriam: Terror of September 11 Rips the Order." The Kappa Alpha Journal, Summer/Fall/Annual Report 2001, 39.
  204. "Family, Friends Remember WTC Victim." The Daily Collegian, November 26, 2001. https://www.psucollegian.com/archives/family-friends-remember-wtc-victim/article_424e0e5f-7bd2-5462-9440-aa2241ce521b.html.
  205. Funk, Lynne. "Suarez Known for Ambition, Smile." The Digital Collegian, September 11, 2002. http://davidsuarez.org/new20.htm.
  206. "Family, Friends Remember WTC Victim." The Daily Collegian, November 26, 2001. https://www.psucollegian.com/archives/family-friends-remember-wtc-victim/article_424e0e5f-7bd2-5462-9440-aa2241ce521b.html.
  207. "David Suarez Obituary." Legacy.com, October 28, 2001. https://www.legacy.com/us/obituaries/name/david-suarez-obituary?id=61007613.
  208. "Spellbound by Beauty, He Loved to Photograph." Newsday.com, December 21, 2001. http://davidsuarez.org/new09.htm.
  209. "Family, Friends Remember WTC Victim." The Daily Collegian, November 26, 2001. https://www.psucollegian.com/archives/family-friends-remember-wtc-victim/article_424e0e5f-7bd2-5462-9440-aa2241ce521b.html.
  210. "David Suarez Obituary." Legacy.com, October 28, 2001. https://www.legacy.com/us/obituaries/name/david-suarez-obituary?id=61007613.
  211. "Spellbound by Beauty, He Loved to Photograph." Newsday.com, December 21, 2001. http://davidsuarez.org/new09.htm.
  212. "Family, Friends Remember WTC Victim." The Daily Collegian, November 26, 2001. https://www.psucollegian.com/archives/family-friends-remember-wtc-victim/article_424e0e5f-7bd2-5462-9440-aa2241ce521b.html.
  213. "Softball Classic a Successful Tribute." The Times (Trenton), July 29, 2002. https://davidsuarez.org/new17.htm.
  214. "South Welcomes Eight to Its Hall of Honor." West Windsor and Plainsboro News, October 23, 2015. https://communitynews.org/sections/news/south-welcomes-eight-to-its-hall-of-honor/.
  215. “Names on the 9/11 Memorial.” 9/11 Memorial & Museum. Accessed July 12, 2026. URL: https://www.911memorial.org/visit/memorial/names-911-memorial.
  216. West Windsor Township. Dedication of the September 11 Memorial and Arbor Day Observance. Program. West Windsor Township, NJ: Ronald R. Rogers Arboretum, April 27, 2002.
  217. Friends of West Windsor Open Space. "The Evolution of an Idea." The FOWWOS News, Special 9/11 Memorial Issue, December 2001.
  218. "Ground Broken on 9/11 Memorial." The Times (Metro Princeton), November 21, 2001.
  219. Friends of West Windsor Open Space. "September 11 Memorial Dedicated." The FOWWOS News 3, no. 2 (Spring-Summer 2002).
  220. "Looking Back: 9/11 Memorial." West Windsor and Plainsboro News, November 21, 2014.
  221. Friends of West Windsor Open Space. "The West Windsor September 11 Memorial Reflecting Pond." The FOWWOS News, Special 9/11 Memorial Issue, December 2001.
  222. Ibid.
  223. "West Windsor." The Times (Trenton), September 9, 2011.
  224. Personal knowledge of the author of this article, Paul Ligeti.
  225. “Mercer County to Hold 9/11 Memorial Service Today.” Patch, September 11, 2012. URL: https://patch.com/new-jersey/eastwindsor/mercer-county-to-hold-911-memorial-service-today
  226. “Commemorating 9/11 with Music, Art, and More.” West Windsor and Plainsboro News, September 9, 2011. URL: https://www.communitynews.org/news/commemorating-9-11-with-music-art-and-more/article_131866da-debd-5c08-a31f-536bcff5fa96.html
  227. “Historic Sites.” Mercer County, NJ. Accessed from provided PDF, 2026. URL: https://www.mercercounty.org/visit/visit-mercer-county/historic-sites
  228. “Mercer County Park Dedicates 9/11 Memorial.” The College Voice, September 19, 2011. URL: https://www.mcccvoice.org/memorial/.
  229. Ibid.
  230. Ibid.
  231. “At 9/11 Memorial, Local Victims Go Unnamed.” The Times (Trenton), November 13, 2011.
  232. “Moving Forward While Keeping Memory of 9/11 Alive.” The Times (Trenton), September 12, 2012.
  233. “9/11 Memorial Receives Merit Award.” The Times (Trenton), February 4, 2012
  234. Clarke Caton Hintz. “Mercer County September 11 Memorial.” Accessed July 2026. https://clarkecatonhintz.com/project/mercer-county-september-11-memorial/
  235. Mercer County Community College. "MCCC to Host 18th Anniversary 9-11 Remembrance Ceremony." News @ MCCC. August 22, 2019. https://mccc.edu/news/2019/general/9-11-ceremony.shtml.
  236. Mercer County Community College. "Student Center." Campus Photo Tour & Map. Accessed July 2026. https://www.mccc.edu/welcome_campus_tour_sc.shtml.
  237. "Commemorations for Sept. 11 Victims." The Trentonian, September 10, 2002.
  238. Mercer County Community College. "MCCC Observes 20th Anniversary of 9/11 with Message of Unity and Remembrance." News @ MCCC. September 10, 2021. https://www.mccc.edu/pr/General/2021/9-11_Ceremony_Virtual_Announcement.html.
  239. "Mercer County 9/11 Victims Remembered at MCCC Ceremony." NJ.com. September 11, 2014. https://www.nj.com/mercer/2014/09/county_mccc_officials_gather_to_remember_those_who_perished_on_911.html.
  240. "Commemorations for Sept. 11 Victims." The Trentonian, September 10, 2002.
  241. "In the Spotlight: 9/11 Remembrance." U.S. 1, September 7, 2011.
  242. "September 11 Survivor and Historians To Be Among Those at MCCC Memorial." Town Topics. September 5, 2012.
  243. Mercer County Community College. "MCCC to Host Remembrance Ceremony Thursday, Sept. 11, 11 a.m." News @ MCCC. September 2014. https://www.mccc.edu/~gardnerj/mccc_news/9-11_2014.html.
  244. Mercer County Community College. "MCCC to Host 9-11 Remembrance Ceremony Friday, Sept. 11, 11 a.m." News @ MCCC. August 27, 2015. https://www.mccc.edu/~gardnerj/mccc_news/9-11_2015.html.
  245. Mercer County Community College. "MCCC to Host 18th Anniversary 9-11 Remembrance Ceremony." News @ MCCC. August 22, 2019. https://mccc.edu/news/2019/general/9-11-ceremony.shtml.
  246. Mercer County Community College. "MCCC Observes 20th Anniversary of 9/11 with Message of Unity and Remembrance." News @ MCCC. September 10, 2021. https://www.mccc.edu/pr/General/2021/9-11_Ceremony_Virtual_Announcement.html.
  247. VisitNJ. “9/11 Memorial Plaque.” Accessed July 12, 2026. https://visitnj.org/nj-911-memorials/911-memorial-plaque-7.​
  248. Ibid.
  249. “Terror Victims to Be Memorialized.” The Times (Princeton Metro), May 29, 2002. 
  250. Personal knowledge of the author of this article, Paul Ligeti, who lived his entire childhood and some of his adulthood in West Windsor.
  251. Tri-State Transportation Campaign. Metropolitan Transportation Since September 11: A Media Sourcebook. September 3, 2002. https://www.tstc.org/reports/9-11sourcebook.pdf
  252. “Getting to Ground Zero: Commuters, Agencies Patch Routes to Work Back Together.” The Times (Princeton Metro), September 3, 2002.
  253. Ibid.
  254. “Rebuilding and Remembering after Sept. 11.” The Daily Princetonian, March 11, 2002.​

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